Chaikin money flow indicator. Ultra Trend Basic Smooth AMP Alerts…. The Chaikin Money Flow indicator was developed by trading guru Marc Chaikin, who was coached by the most successful institutional investors in the world. Rate this Indicator from 1 to 5. Calculate Money flow multiplies for each candle using below formula. Unlike MACD, the Chaikin Money Flow is a forward (predictive) indicator which can be directly contrasted against a security’s price movements to predict a directional shift in momentum. The Chaikin Money Flow is a single line that moves up and down on a chart. The indicator measures the amount of money flow over a period of time. Install a 3rd Party Indicator or App. 25 indicate buying pressures from the bulls. Price gaps up on day [3] with above-average volume. Apr 12, 2023 · The money flow index (MFI) represents the volume-weighted adaptation of the more widely used relative strength index (RSI). Cronex T3 RSI BB MTF NMC Indicator. The Chaikin Money Flow is a versatile technical analysis indicator that combines price and volume data to measure money flow into and out of an asset over a specified period. Khái niệm chỉ báo Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) là chỉ báo đo lường khối lượng dòng tiền trong một chu kỳ nhất định. patreon. mq4” indicator for MT4. If by CMF you mean the Chalking Money Flow indicator, in NinjaTrader7 and NinjaTrader8 this has been limited to +/- 100 rather than using a changing multiplier. The indicator combines both price and volume data to measure buying and selling pressure in an asset or stock. Added mtf. Chaikin Money Flow (also referred to as CMF) is one of the metrics taken into account by the Chaikin Power Gauging System. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) 840. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) What is it? The Chaikin Money Flow ( CMF ) is an oscillating market strength indicator developed by Marc Chaikin , who became a stockbroker in 1966. By contrast, Chaikin Money Flow jumps up sharply at [2] when day [1] data is dropped from the indicator calculation. Chaikin Money Flow represents the degree of buying pressure (inflows/accumulation) against selling pressure (outflows Aug 22, 2023 · Chaikin Money Flow Indicator is an MT4/MT5 indicator designed as a unique method to gauge money flow into and out of a security. 3. It does not return a single incremental indicator value. Chaikin Money Flow values between 0. The resulting numerical value reflects the balance Nov 22, 2023 · Chaikin Money Flow is a well-known Indicator for gauging buying/selling pressure. The Chaikin Oscillator formula subtracts the 10-day EMA of the ADL from the 3-day EMA of the ADL. The corresponding chart represents a money flow oscillator that Feb 29, 2024 · Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Indicator. All files in topic. Best Forex Systems for MT4 and MT5. The default period of the CMF indicator is 20-period. AY MML Dashboard V1. com/ccount/click. Averages Alligator Nmc Indicator. Volume is used as the divisor so that the indicator will fluctuate between a maximum of 1 and a minimum of -1. The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is an indicator created by Marc Chaikin in the 1980s to monitor the accumulation and distribution of a stock over a specified period. The indicator measures the amount of money that flows over time. Select the downloaded file from your desktop. While the default technical analysis length is 21 days, the Chaikin Money Flow can be run for any duration. Marc Chaikin created the Chaikin money flow indicator to calculate the money flow of securities over 21 days. // Money Flow Volume forms the basis for the Accumulation Distribution Line. The core business of the firm is Chaikin's cutting-edge stock analysis tools like the Chaikin Power Gauge Rating system and The Chaikin Money Flow indicator, which he developed. While this zero line cross seems simple enough Dec 21, 2021 · CMF is an effective tool for validating trend direction, measuring a trend strength, or identifying potential trend breakouts. Free download. This indicates that the market is in a strong uptrend. Recommended Brokers for Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Indicator. Cuối cùng, cộng kết quả ở bước 2 Mar 31, 2023 · March 31, 2023 by Forex Admin Team. So, you'll be looking to Buy when CMF is above zero, and Sell when it's below. Free Download: Download the “chaikin-money-flow-indicator. Download Size: 8. Jul 7, 2019 · The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is an indicator, created by Marc Chaikin, that’s used to analyze Money Flow Volume over a specific “lookback” period of time, usually 20 or 21 days. Mar 30, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) indicator is an oscillator that measures the strength of buying and selling pressure on a given asset. · 활용 - 수치가 25% 이하의 경우 과매도(overbought) 구간으로 매수. 2024. CMF below zero - bearish signal - the indicator shows signs of selling pressure - distribution. AVG((2 * C0 - L0 - H0) / (H0 - L0 - (H0 = L0)) * V0, 21) / (AVGV21. I would really appreciate it. The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a technical oscillator designed by Quong and Avrum Soudack to identify overbought or oversold signals in an asset using price and volume data. Mar 1, 2024 · Chaikin Oscillator: Named after its creator, Marc Chaikin, the Chaikin oscillator is an oscillator that measures the accumulation/distribution line of the moving Apr 11, 2024 · Divergence between price and the Chaikin Oscillator is the indicator’s most frequent signal, and often flags a short-term reversal in price. Volume Aliran Uang membentuk dasar untuk Jalur Distribusi Akumulasi. It should be noted that for day traders this period is reduced to 20-21 bars, instead of days. Chaikin Money Flow is an easy to use trend trading indicator. Free Chaikin Money Flow Index Histo Alert Indicator Download ⏬ - Best MT4 Indicators [MQ4 & EX4] with Open Source Code for MetaTrader 4 or 5. Jan 6, 2019. Let’s get into the trading strategies of this indicator. Updated on: 14. addlabel(1,"CMF",if cmf crosses above 0 then color. red else color. It combines both price and volume data to provide insights into the strength of buying and selling pressure. green else if cmf crosses below 0 then color. 92 KB Type: . Chaikin money flow is an oscillator that measures the money flowing into an asset during a specific lookback period, typically set at 21 days. Building on his Money Flow indicator, Marc created other ways to visualize where to put your money using the Chaikin Power Gauge rating… One of these visual cues is called the Chaikin Power Bar: The Chaikin Power Bar is the visual representation of the number of Bullish , Neutral , and Bearish rated stocks in a specific index, industry, ETF Jul 29, 2020 · Mapping the Chaikin Money Flow. The indicator oscillates above/below the zero line. . The MFI uses a stock's Mar 2, 2022 · How to Calculate the Chaikin Money Flow Indicator? To calculate the Chaikin Money Flow Indicator, Chaikin compared two key components of an asset’s value (price and volume) over a period of 20-21 days (a month’s worth of trading days). Aug 6, 2020 · Chaikin Money Flow values between 0. When CMF is nearing -1, the selling pressure is higher. Nov 22, 2023 · Description: Chaikin Money Flow was an indicator that measuring of the volume-weighted average of accumulation and distribution over a specified period (as cited from Fidelity) developed by Marc Chaikin, aim to identify the changes in buying or selling momentum of an asset that leads to the increase or decrease of asset prices. CCI Study 2. This method returns a time series of all available indicator values for the quotes provided. 1. The Chaikin Money Flow or CMF Indicator is a technical analysis indicator that is used to measure the buying and selling pressure in a stock. In other words, the money flow index shows how much a stock was traded. 00 ( 4) 3. The default CMF period is 21 days. Using the weighted average of this data, the CMF helps generate trading signals, which are nothing but entry and exit points for a stock during a specific period of time. By providing insights into the strength of a trend and potential reversals, the CMF can help traders and investors make informed decisions about their market positions. Download our content for free & unlock your true trading potential today. Download Size: 16. Sep 8, 2023 · It’s this combination of volume and momentum, focusing on finding money flow volume rather than just price movement, that makes the Chaikin Oscillator an insightful tool for traders. The indicator oscillates above and below the zero line, indicating a bullish or bearish trend. It is often used in conjunction with other indicators to confirm trend Feb 5, 2024 · The firm was formerly known as Chaikin Power Tools and has since evolved into a research behemoth with a dedicated following. zip. Categories: MT4, Signal, Informational. Aug 22, 2011 · The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) determines if a stock is under accumulation or distribution. 5 and 1, it indicates a continued uptrend and signals traders to place long orders. Oct 12, 2017 · Go to Chaikin money flow and click on it. , 15-minute, hourly, weekly). Simple indicator, so there's not really much to enhance. 수치가 75% 이상의 경우 과매수(oversold) 구간으로 매도 The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) indicator is a technical analysis indicator that measures the magnitude of money flowing into and out of a security. It's just the extra period option and everything else could remain the same. Usage: Below are the steps to calculate Chaikin money flow for any financial instrument: 1. Money Flow Volume = Money Flow Multiplier x Volume. By combining price and volume data, this indicator provides valuable insights into buying and selling pressure, helping traders make informed trading decisions. The first N-1 periods will have None values since there’s not enough May 19, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow Indicator for MT5 is a powerful tool for analyzing the flow of money in the markets. 4 indicate that the bulls are in control of the market. Let me know asap, thanks! simple, useful. The leading indicators for this indicator are the price and volume. Chaikin originally called the indicator the Cumulative Money Flow Line. Chaikin Money Flow. A trend reversal detector that is perfect for all traders. 01. The indicator readings range between +1 and -1. Marc Chaikin intended this to be used on the daily timeframe to capture the behavior of price action at or near the daily close when larger-scale actors influence the market. This is a more colorful version of the built-in CMF. You can customize this as per your own need. – Trend Breakouts. The CMF is based on the idea that the nearer the closing price is to a security’s high, the stronger the buying pressure (more accumulation has taken place). // Developed by Marc Chaikin, Chaikin Money Flow measures the amount of Money Flow Volume over a specific period. CMF value lies between 1 and -1. The World's largest database of Metatrader 4 & 5 Indicators, Systems & EA's. May 20, 2022 · Cycle, trend and momentum are the 3 types of indicators recommended for standard chart setups. The Chaikin Money Flow is calculated in two steps. CMF above zero - bullish signal - the indicator shows signs of buying pressure - accumulation. Money Flow Multiplier determines The Money Flow Volume, which in turn determines the direction of the ADL, which ultimately determines the direction and value of The Chaikin Second, multiply this value by volume to find Money Flow Volume. 33 KB Type: . Jul 19, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow is a volume-weighted average of accumulation and distribution over a specified period. The concept The money flow index can be expressed equivalently as follows. Amibroker data feeder and Amibroker AFL are tools that help you use Chaikin effectively. Morogan Aggiornato Gen 13, 2023. Among these tools, CMF Indicator was invented by Marc Chaikin to provide traders with insights Oct 12, 2017 · Trade with our Sponsor Broker: Trade Nation http://www. g. white); #2 aboe/below zero. The Chaikin formula takes into consideration the close, the low, the high, and the volumes during a certain period on the chart. CMF (Chaikin Money Flow) - 순환분석지표. Categories: Signal, MT5, Informational. Chaikin Money Flow is a metric serving as a proxy for gauging institutional investor interest, providing insight into the sentiment and perception of a stock among institutional investors Overbought/Oversold: This indicator offers a clear, refined depiction of a stock's position within its typical trading range. Indicator Example Chart (EUR/USD H1) The example chart below displays the Chaikin Money Flow mt4 indicator in action on the trading chart. October 17, 2021 by asad8765. The CMF indicator is found as a default in the MetaTrader trading software. The Chaikin Money Flow Indicator for NinjaTrader helps you . 00 level. Chỉ báo CMF dao động lên xuống quanh mức 0 và là công cụ để nhà đầu tư đánh giá áp lực mua/bán dựa trên sự thay đổi Oct 8, 2018 · The Chaikin Money Flow uses Close Location Value (CLV) to evaluate the volume of money flow as bullish or as bearish, Twigs Money Flow, on the other way, uses the TR (True Range). Aug 18, 2023 · Introduction to Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Indicator: The Chaikin Oscillator is developed by Mark Chaikin. 3k. It shows the buying and selling pressure of the traders. Third, create a running total of Money Flow Volume to form the Accumulation Distribution Line (ADL). This is a sign of accumulation and that the market trades in an uptrend. Sau đó, nhân kết quả thu được của hệ số nhân dòng tiền ở bước trên với tổng khối lượng trong chu kỳ đó. Money Flow Multiplier = [ (Close – Low) – (High – Close)] / (High – Low) 2. How to trade with Chaikin Money Flow. Description. 5. It is considered a bullish signal, when the Chaikin Money Flow value is greater than zero, whereas bearish signals are indicated by negative values of the oscillator. Bước thứ nhất là xác định hệ số nhân dòng tiền. May 17, 2022 · Money Flow Index - MFI: The money flow index (MFI) is a momentum indicator that measures the inflow and outflow of money into a security over a specific period of time. Money Flow Volume (a concept also created by Marc Chaikin) is a metric used to measure the buying and selling pressure of a security for single period. Sep 28, 2023 · Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) was also created by trader and analyst Marc Chaikin; it belongs to complex instruments. Nov 4, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow indicator, a popular tool among technical analysts, provides insights into the flow of money in and out of a stock or market. Description: Developed by Marc Chaikin, the Chaikin Money Flow indicator (CMF) is calculated by summing Accumulation Distribution over the given period and then dividing by the sum of volume over the given period, as can be seen in the formula section above. Traders have the power to find out if investors are collecting an asset by buying it or letting go of it by selling it. CCFP MTF Alerts 2. Mar 1, 2019 · Hello drewski1980, Thanks for your post. Macd Spaghetti Nmc Indicator. This oscillator measures the flow of capital into or out of an asset over a specific period of time, usually 20 or 21 periods. By understanding this indicator and developing a trading strategy based on it, you can potentially make more informed trading decisions. Improved Chaikin Money Flow. 0 - (AVGV21. Chaikin Money Flow is a well-known Indicator for gauging buying/selling pressure. com. How the Chaikin Oscillator Works. The default parameters of the indicator will be displayed in a small window. green else color. Jun 8, 2022 · CMF Được Tính Như Thế Nào. The CMF indicator is computed as the sum of the daily open, high, low, and close prices over a given time period. com May 31, 2020 · Add the label codes that you choose to the bottom of a copy of the TOS Chaikin Money Flow Indicator. This concept is similar to Mark Chaikin ’s Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) indicator, which also uses price and volume information to measure money flow into and out of an asset The Chaikin Oscillator (CO), also called the Chaikin Indicator, is used by traders analyze the strength of a price trend based on trading volume. Money Flow Multiplier = [(Close - Low) - (High - Close)] /(High - Low) 2. Input Parameters Parameter Buying and Selling pressure defined by the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Like the majority of other oscillators in technical analysis, Chaikin Money Flow signals can be generated on the divergence and crossovers. The Accumulation Distribution Line is a volume-based indicator developed by Marc Chaikin to measure the cumulative flow of money into and out of a security. The Chaikin Money Flow is like the ripples in the water, revealing undercurrents in the market that could be the difference between profit and loss. RSI & MACD are the standards of technical analysis. The acc/dis line builds on the money flow The Chaikin Money Flow indicator tells traders if institutions, whales and investors are accumulating and buying crypto, or distributing and selling the market. Fourth, take the difference between two moving averages to calculate the Chaikin Oscillator. Any crosses above or below 0 can be used to identify changes in money flow. The RSI tracks market momentum through the speed and change in price Sep 6, 2023 · Step 4: Use the Chaikin Oscillator Formula. Amibroker data feeder provides data for Amibroker charts. Learn how to use CMF to identify buy candidates, identify divergences, and identify institutional activity, and how it relates to the Chaikin Power Gauge Rating model. Get a different perspective on buying and selling pressure in the markets so you can score big profits. php?id=95 Check our website: http://www. When the indicator gives values between 0. The Chaikin Money Flow indicator (CMF) was created by stock analyst Marc Chaikin in the early 1980s as a way to measure the The Chaikin Money Flow Indicator (CMF) helps you identify how much volume of money is flowing into a stock over a period of time, typically 21 days. Amibroker AFL lets you code trading strategies using Chaikin. Chaikin money flow indicator is an mt4 technical oscillator that combines the money flow and price volume to show the strength or weakness in a range of -1 to 1. When they are combined with a Money Flow and Support and Resistance, they illustrate where a stock is within its trending cycle and provide viable trading zones. By recognizing the movement’s flow Feb 10, 2017 · Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is a technical analysis indicator used to measure Money Flow Volume over a set period of time. Chaikin m Apr 28, 2023 · Chaikin Money Flow Indicator (CMF) is a momentum indicator that was developed by Marc Chaikin in the 1980s. Alih-alih total kumulatif Volume Aliran Uang, Chaikin Money Flow hanya menjumlahkan Volume Aliran Uang untuk periode sebelumnya tertentu, biasanya 20 atau 21 hari. financial-spread- Oct 17, 2021 · Chaikin Money Flow Indicator for MT4. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is a green/red oscillator that measures the buying and selling pressure of a stock over time, based on closing performance and volume confirmation. Since negative CMF indicates selling pressure (distribution) and positive CMF indicates buying pressure (accumulation), a buy/sell signal The Money Flow Index (MFI) is very similar to the Relative Strength Index (RSI) in that it measures the strength of money flowing in and out of a security. Morogan Updated Jan 13, 2023. As with cumulative indicators, the Accumulation Distribution Line is a running total of each period's Money Flow Volume. red); Category: Indicator > Oscillators. The only difference is that MFI incorporates volume action so it can be seen as a volume-weighted RSI. Có 3 bước để tính Dòng Tiền Chaikin. 07 NMC Indicator. The indicator is the foundation for the accumulation and distribution indicator. Nov 2, 2020 · Chaikin Money Flow Indicator Win Rate/🌐Official Trading Rush Website: https://tradingrush. Chaikin Money Flow mengukur jumlah Volume Aliran Uang selama periode tertentu. It is a volume-weighted average of accumulation and distribution over a specified period, with the standard CMF period being 21 days. The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) Indicator is a momentum oscillator developed by Marc Chaikin in the late 1970s. Developed by Marc Chaikin, the CMF fluctuates between -1 and 1, with positive values indicating buying pressure and negative values indicating selling pressure. The Chaikin Money Flow sums AD for 21 days and then divides the result by volume for the identical period. Once you select the parameter and click the Done button, the indicator will be visible on the chart. 02 KiB. The Chaikin Money Flow indicator provides several market signals, like the strength of the existing trend, buying and selling pressures, and more. = + This form more clearly shows what the MFI is a percentage of positive money flow to total money flow. High minus Low. This indicator helps traders to determine the price reversal levels by using the money flow of institutional traders. net🟢See How I Made 100% Profit In A Year: https://www. The indicator is the foundation of the accumulation and distribution indicator, which we looked at before. MFI is used to measure the "enthusiasm" of the market. The indicator measures accumulation and distribution of a security over time. financial-spread-betting. A trend reversal detector that is ideal for all traders. Jun 19, 2018 · To import your 3rd party app or add-on to NinjaTrader, simply follow these 3 steps: Download the app or add-on file to your desktop. This indicator also relies on moving averages in its calculation while Chaikin uses cumulative volume. May 19, 2021 · Chaikin money flow indicator is explained in this video, and it's shown how you can use it for measuring buying and selling pressure in the market. Essentially, CMF indicates the money flow behind crypto. · 설명 - Marc Chaikin에 의해 개발됨 CMF는 특정 기간 동안 흐름의 거래량을 측정한다. The CMF indicator is used to identify periods of increased or decreased activity in Chaikin is a technical indicator that measures the money flow in the stock market. Oct 16, 2021 · Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) was created by Marc Chaikin in the early 1980s. In this article, we will explore what the CMF is, how it is calculated, and how traders can use it in their Chaikin Money Flow is a well-known Indicator for gauging buying/selling pressure. Jan 30, 2024 · Calculation of the Chaikin Money Flow Indicator. The Money Flow Multiplier is the key to all of Chaikin's technical analysis tools. 25 – 0. This is usually done at the daily level, but can also be done for other time compressions (e. Uses. This is an oscillator, with values ranging Dec 12, 2013 · Chaikin Money Flow can be used to define a general buying or selling bias simply with positive or negative values. Twiggs Money Flow rises because of the upward gap while Chaikin MF dips (because the Close is below the mid-point between the day's High and Low). Dec 9, 2022 · Chaikin Money Flow. Hello, regarding the Chaiken Money Flow Indicator, if you guys are able to customize and make an extra option to add more periods, It would be a great volume cross indicator. Oct 2, 2022 · The Chaikin Money Flow indicator is a sophisticated formula created by Marc Chaikin that analyzes a stock’s buying pressure and selling pressure over a set period of time. chaikin-money-flow-indicator mtf. The realm of technical analysis is vast, encompassing many tools and techniques for traders to decipher market movements. Tips: This is what the Money Flow Multiplier determines (step 1 in the calculation above). It is a technical analysis tool that combines price and volume data to determine the buying and selling pressure of security. CMF tracks cash flow volumes over a fixed period, usually around 20 days. 0 = 0)) But you leave off the offset parameter if you are just interested in the current value. mq4 Downloaded 591 times 3. It’s usually displayed as a signal line, with values ranging from -1 to +1 (or -100 to +100, depending on the platform) with a zero line in the middle. addlabel(1,"CMF",if cmf > 0 then color. 02 NRP MTF NMC Indicator. MFI uses price and volume for identifying overbought or oversold conditions in an asset. Chaikin money flow is a simple to use indicator for trend trading. 1 NMC Indicator. Calculate money flow volume. The trend is bearish when the Chaikin Money Flow red signal line is trading below the 0. Both Twiggs Money Flow and Chaikin Money Flow are based on the Accumulation Distribution indicator. Chaikin Money Flow由Marc Chaikin（马克·蔡金）开发，用于衡量特定时期的资金流量。 资金流量构成累积分配线的基础。 Chaikin Money Flow并不是累计的资金流量总量，而只是将资金流量累加为特定的回溯期，通常为20或21天。 . Code: #1 cross bar. This comprehensive indicator can be combined with several different trading strategies. CMFResults is just a list of CMFResult. CMF then sums Money Flow Volume over a user determined look-back period. We covered three types of trade signals in this article: – Zero Line Crosses. MT4 Also Available for MT5. Sep 11, 2015 · Chaikin money flow CMF เป็น indicator ที่ถูกต่อยอดมาจากตัว money flow ธรรมดา money flow ธรรมดาถูกต่อยอด Oct 19, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is a technical analysis indicator developed by Marc Chaikin to provide traders with insights into market strength and buying or selling pressure. When CMF is catching up on +1, the buying pressure is higher. Oct 27, 2023 · The Chaikin Money Flow Indicator, developed by Marc Chaikin, is a momentum oscillator that measures the flow of money into or out of a financial asset over a specific period. 4 Time Frame Parabolic Sar Nmc Indicator. Download the Chaikin Money Flow Indicator for MT5 and leverage its features An indicator formula for the current Chaikin Money Flow 21 can be written as follows. Nov 15, 2012 · 본문 기타 기능. 2. It always returns the same number of elements as there are in the historical quotes. Together with the Chaikin Accumulation Distribution Indicator and Oscillator, the cumulative money flow line makes up an independent trading system for the stock price analysis. Watch on. First it takes a money flow calculation, using high, low, and close prices in addition to volume. Chaikin Money Flow Index is a technical indicator of Nov 22, 2023 · Improved Chaikin Money Flow. Feb 25, 2021 · The CMF is an indicator that was developed by Marc Chaikin (as well as the Chaikin oscillator ). It was created in the 1980s by Marc Chaikin to provide traders with a better understanding of the flow of money in and out of the market. From the NinjaTrader Control Center window, select the menu Tools > Import > NinjaScript Add-On…. Generally, buying pressure is stronger when the indicator is positive and selling pressure is strong when the indicator is negative. The CMF indicator is based on the concept of the Accumulation Distribution How to use the Chaikin money flow indicator. At its core, the Chaikin Oscillator indicator is about momentum and the speed of change. 05 – 0. The CMF is calculated by taking the difference between the 10-day and 26-day exponential Mar 22, 2020 · Developed by Marc Chaikin the Chaikin Money Flow Indicator, sometimes called the CMF, is used to measure buying and selling pressure over a 21 day/bar period Conclusion. on Top-Trading-Indicators. Mar 19, 2024 · The Chaikin Money Flow Indicator is a volume indicator created by Marc Chaikin (as well as the Chaikin oscillator). pq oc ch oy kn ek gq fz ez co